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Termites are far less likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, as they are usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. A few of them include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and a high number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great stress. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. For instance, certain species feed on the timber constructions they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate to other soldiers and a small force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, workers appear in large numbers at the website. The next phase is indicated by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour as an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently results in agonistic behaviour towards each other, resulting in struggles. These struggles can cause mortality on either side and, in some situations, the gain or loss of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, in which the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the region and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not necessarily happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and die, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens contributes to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with all the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most browse this site termites are blind, so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are employed in a variety of activities, including foraging, he has a good point locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which are transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from 2 glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to search for food, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A path can be identified by the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by objects.
When termites construct their neststhey utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any specific construction job. Individual termites react rather than think, but at a group level, they display a sort of collective cognition. Particular structures or other objects like pellets of columns or soil cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised process where the information that sends termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result additional hints of genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.